“五十步笑百步” originates from a story of ancient China. There were two soldiers who fled from a lost battle. One had run 50 steps backward, and the other 100 steps. The one who had retreated 50 steps laughed at the one who had retreated 100 steps, saying he was a coward. The truth is both of them were running away, the only difference lying in how far they’d run. “五十步笑百步” is now used metaphorically to criticize people who have the same problems as those they laugh at, only to a lesser degree.
In Chinese, “又Adj₁ + 又Adj₂” is used to describe two qualities existing in the same person or thing, such as “又高又漂亮”(both tall and pretty). For example:
(1)这个西瓜又大又甜。
(2)外边又黑又冷。
(3)服务员又年轻又漂亮。
(4)她工作又认真又热情。
练一练 Practise
完成句子 Complete the sentences.
(1)这家超市的东西 ____________________ 。
(2)他做饭做得 ____________________ 。
(3)我喜欢 ____________________ 的衣服。
2 动作的伴随:V₁着(O₁)+V₂(O₂) The Accompanying Action: V₁着(O₁)+V₂(O₂)
In Chinese, “V₁着(O₁)+V₂(O₂)” indicates two actions taking place at the same time, V₁ being the accompanying state or manner of V₂. For example, “他们站着聊天儿” means “they are talking” while “standing” rather than “sitting”. For example:
Wǒ érzi zài yīyuàn gōngzuò, tā shì yīshēng. B: 我儿子在医院工作,他是医生。
A: Where do you work?
B: I work in a school.
A: Where does your son work?
B: My son works in a hospital. He is a doctor.
New Words
8. 在 zài prep. in/on/at
9. 哪儿 nǎr pron. where
10. 工作 gōngzuò v./n. to work; job
11. 儿子 érzi n. son
12. 医院 yīyuàn n. hospital
13. 医生 yīshēng n. doctor
3 打电话 On the phone 09-3
Nǐ bàba zài jiā ma? A: 你爸爸在家吗?
Bú zài jiā. B: 不在家。
Tā zài nǎr ne? A: 他在哪儿呢?
Tā zài yīyuàn. B: 他在医院。
A: Is your father at home?
B: No, he isn’t.
A: Where is he?
B: He is in the hospital.
New Word
14. 爸爸 bàba n. father
语法知识
注释 1 动词“在” The Verb“在”
“在”是动词,后边加上表示位置的词语做句子的谓语,用于指示人或者事物的位置。例如:
“在” is a verb. When it is followed by a word of locality and acts as the predicate of a sentence, it indicates the location of somebody or something. For example:
Subject
Predicate
在
Word of Locality/Direction
我朋友
在
学校。
我妈妈
在
家。
小狗
在
椅子下面。
注释 2 疑问代词“哪儿” The Interrogative Pronoun“哪儿”
疑问代词“哪儿”用于疑问句中,询问人或事物的位置。例如:
The interrogative pronoun “哪儿” is used to ask about the location of somebody or something. For example:
我的杯子在哪儿?
你的中国朋友在哪儿?
小猫在哪儿?
注释 3 介词“在” The Preposition“在”
“在”也是介词,后边加上表示位置的词语,用于介绍动作行为发生的位置。例如:
“在” can also act as a preposition, used before a word of locality to introduce the place where an action or behavior takes place. For example:
Subject
Predicate
在
Word of Locality/Direction
Verb
我
在
朋友家
喝茶。
他们
在
学校
看书。
我儿子
在
医院
工作。
疑问助词“呢”(2)
4
疑问助词“呢”(2) The Interrogative Particle “呢”(2)
疑问助词“呢”用在句末,表示疑问,用于询问人或事物的位置。例如:
Used at the end of a sentence, the interrogative particle “呢” asks about the location of somebody or
something. For example:
Tone Collocation in Disyllabic Words (3): 3rd tone + 1st/2nd/3rd/4th tone
shǒujī 手机
shǒuzhuó 手镯
shǒubiǎo 手表
shǒutào 手套
听录音并跟读,注意声调的搭配 08 – 4
Listen to the recording and read after it. Pay attention to the collocation of tones.
lǎoshī lǎorén yuǎnsǎn yǒu yòng
měi tiān měi nián měihǎo měilì
hǎibiān hǎimián xǐ zǎo gǎnxiè
yǐjīng yǐqián biǎoyǎn biǎoxiàn
汉字学习内容
汉字 Characters
1 认识独体字 Single-Component Characters
(1)“少”,意思是规模小,数量不多,与“多”相对。
In contrast to “多(many)”, “少”means “few/little”, indicating a small scale or quantity.
(2)“个”,本义是最小独立单位的人,指一个人。现在变为量词。
“个” originally meant “one individual person”. Now it has become a measure word.
2 汉字结构(3):上下结构与上中下结构
Structure of Chinese Characters (3): top-bottom and top-middle-bottom
合体结构还包括上下结构和上中下结构。上下结构的结构图形为𠃊,上中下结构的图形为𠃍。
Both the top-bottom structure and the top-middle-bottom structure are compound structures. The top-bottom structure is 𠃊 and the top-middle-bottom structure is 𠃍.
结构 Structure
例字 Example Characters
图解 Illustrations
上下结构 top-bottom
是 shì to be 爸 bà father
是 爸
上中下结构 top-middle-bottom
茶 chá tea 高 gāo high,tall
茶 高
汉字偏旁及运用
3 汉字偏旁“钅”和“口” Chinese Radicals: “钅” and “口”
偏旁 Radical
解释 Explanation
例字 Example Characters
钅
金字旁,一般和金属有关系。 The radical “钅” is usually related to metal.
钟 zhōng clock 钱 qián money
口
口字旁,一般和嘴巴有关系。 The radical “口” is usually related to the mouth.
吃 chī to eat 喝 hē to drink
运用 Application
1 双人活动 Pair Work
两人一组,根据实际情况进行问答练习。
Work in pairs and ask and answer questions according to the actual situations.
例如:(1) A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ nǐ xiǎng zuò shénme?
例如:(1) A: 今天 下午你 想 做 什么?
B: ……
Míngtiān nǐ xiǎng zuò shénme?
A: 明天 你 想 做 什么?
B: ……
(2) A: Nǐmen bān yǒu duōshao ge xuéshēng?
(2) A: 你们 班 有 多少 个 学生?
B: ……
Nǐmen xuéxiào yǒu duōshao ge lǎoshī?
A: 你们 学校 有 多少 个老师?
B: ……
小组活动
2
小组活动
Group Work
3 – 4人一组,互相询问这个星期的计划并记录,每组请一位同学报告情况。
Work in groups of 3 – 4. Ask about each other’s plan for the week and take notes. Each group chooses one member
to make a report.
Tone Collocation in Disyllabic Words (2): 2nd tone + 1st/2nd/3rd/4th tone
shíjiān 时间
yínháng 银行
cídiǎn 词典
lánsè 蓝色
听录音并跟读,注意声调的搭配 07-4
Listen to the recording and read after it. Pay attention to the collocation of tones.
guójiā lóufáng píngguǒ huánjìng
zuótiān lánqiú píjiǔ hánjià
míngtiān míngnián niúnǎi niú ròu
niánqīng Chángchéng yóu yǒng yóuxì
汉字学习内容
汉字 Characters
1认识独体字 Single-Component Characters
(1)“四”,表示数量 “4 sì”。
“四” means “four”.
(2)“五”,表示数量 “5wǔ”。
“五” means “five”.
(3)“书”,本义是将毛笔放在墨池中蘸墨以便涂写,现在是 “书写、书籍” 等意思。
“书” originally meant “to dip the writing brush into the ink and write with it”, and now it means “writing” or “book”, etc.
2汉字结构(2):左右结构与左中右结构
Structure of Chinese Characters (2): left-right and left-middle-right
合体结构中包括左右结构和左中右结构。左右结构的结构图形为𠂉,左中右结构的图形为𠂌。
Both the left-right structure and the left-middle-right structure are compound structures. The left-right structure is 𠂉 and the left-middle-right structure is 𠂌.
结构 Structure
例字 Example Characters
图解 Illustrations
左右结构 left-right
你 nǐ (singular) you 好 hǎo good, fine
你
好
左中右结构 left-middle-right
谢 xiè to thank 树 shù tree
谢
树
汉字偏旁学习
3 汉字偏旁 “氵” 和 “讠” Chinese Radicals “氵” and “讠”
偏旁 Radical
解释 Explanation
例字 Example Characters
氵
三点水,一般和水有关系。 Shaped like three drops of water, the radical “氵” is usually related to water.
汉 hàn Chinese 没 méi to not have
讠
言字旁,一般和语言、说话有关系。 The radical “讠” is usually related to language and speech.
语 yǔ language 谁 shéi who, whom
运用 Application
1 双人活动 Pair Work
两人一组,根据实际情况进行问答练习。
Work in pairs and ask and answer questions according to the actual situations.
Jīntiān shì jǐ yuè jǐ hào?
例如:A: 今天 是几月几号?
B: ……
Jīntiān xīngqī jǐ?
A: 今天 星期几?
B: ……
Míngtiān shì jǐ yuè jǐ hào?
A: 明天 是几月几号?
B: ……
Míngtiān xīngqī jǐ?
A: 明天 星期几?
B: ……
Míngtiān nǐ zuò shénme?
A: 明天 你做什么?
Míngtiān wǒ qù……
B: 明天 我去 ……
小组活动
2 小组活动 Group Work
3 – 4人一组,互相询问出生日期并记录,每组请一位同学报告情况。
Work in groups of 3 – 4. Ask about each other’s birthdays and take notes. Each group chooses one member to make a report.
4 根据课文回答问题 Answer the questions according to the texts.
明天小刚去做什么?小丽也去吗?
周太太买裤子了吗?为什么?
周太太买什么了?多少钱?
周明和太太买了什么水果?
小刚喜欢喝什么?
小丽喜欢喝什么?为什么?
汉字 Characters 旧字新词 Word Game
读读下面的词语,想想组成的新词是什么意思。
Read the following words and guess the meanings of the newly-formed ones.
新鲜——牛奶→鲜奶
冷——饮料→冷饮
上边——前面→上面
运用 Application 1 双人活动 Pair Work
互相调查对方的情况,完成调查表。
Make a survey of your partner and fill in the questionnaire.
问
答
1
你喜欢早睡早起还是晚睡晚起?
2
早饭你常喝咖啡还是牛奶?
3
你喜欢走路还是坐车?
4
你喜欢晴天还是雨天?
5
你喜欢看电视还是看电影?
6
你喜欢饭前吃水果还是饭后吃水果?
Page Content
2 小组活动 Group Work
3~4人一组,仿照例子,一个人介绍自己的家,其他人根据介绍画图,然后选出画得最准确的人。
Work in groups of 3-4. Follow the example. One describes his/her home, and the others draw pictures based on the
description. Then choose the one whose drawing is the most accurate.
例如:我的房间里放着一张桌子。
俗语 茶好客常来 Chá hǎo kè cháng lái
Common Saying Good tea attracts frequenters
“茶好客常来”的意思是,如果茶很好喝,客人就会经常来。这句话常用来比喻只要东西好,顾客就会喜欢。
“茶好客常来” means “if the tea is good, guests will often come”, used metaphorically to indicate that good stuff
will surely be liked by customers.
In Chinese, the structure “Location Word + V着 + NP” means there is something somewhere. In this structure, the verb “放”, “写”, “坐”, or “住” etc. is often used, and the noun phrase is usually an indefinite object, for example “一本书” (a book) and “几个人 (several people)” rather than “这本书 (this book)” and “周经理 (Manager Zhou).” For example:
语文语法练习
Location Word
V着
NP
桌子上
放着
一杯咖啡。
我家楼上
住着
一个老师。
上面
写着
320元。
桌子上
放着
很多饮料。
这种句子的否定形式是:“Location Word + 没V着 + NP”,NP前不再有量词。例如:
The negative form of the structure is “Location Word + 没V着 + NP”, without measure word before the noun phrase. For example:
Location Word
没V着
NP
桌子上
没放着
咖啡。
我家楼上
没住着
老师。
上面
没写着
多少钱。
桌子上
没放着
饮料。
练一练 Practise
完成句子 Complete the sentences.
我家的桌子上放着 。
我的电脑旁边没放着 。
公共汽车上坐着 。
3 “会” 表示可能 “会” Indicating the Possibility
助动词 “会” 用在句中,表示可能,通常用于未发生的事件中。例如:
The auxiliary verb “会” is used in a sentence to indicate the possibility, usually referring to something that hasn’t happened. For example:
The literal meaning of the saying “饭后百步走,活到九十九”is that a walk of 100 steps after each meal every day makes one live to 99 years old. Now it means it is good for health to do some exercise after a meal.
In Chinese, “V + 来/去” indicates the direction of an action, with “来” indicating the direction towards the speaker and “去” the direction away from the speaker. The most frequently used verbs include “上”,”下”,”进”,”出”,”回”,”过” and “起” as well as some verbs we’ve learned, such as “买”,”带” and “搬”. For example:
我们在楼上等你呢,你上来吧。(说话的人在楼上)
谁在外边?你出去看看吧。(“你” 在屋里)
汉语书你带来了吗?
那边树多,我们过去坐一下吧。
如果宾语是地点名词,要放在 “来/去” 的前边。例如:
If the object is a place, it should precede “来/去”. For example:
小狗下楼来吃东西。
老师进教室来上课。
朋友回家去了。
我上楼去。
如果宾语是事物名词,可以放在 “来/去” 的前边,也可以放在 “来/去” 的后边。例如:
If the object is a thing, it can be put before or after “来/去”. For example:
明天要带作业来。
帮我买来点儿面包。
你搬这把椅子去吧。
这次旅游,我想带去这本书。
练一练 Practise
完成句子 Complete the sentences.
你怎么还没________?我都在楼下等你半小时了。
已经10点半了,快点儿________,别睡了。
明天去朋友家,我想________一些水果。
2 两个动作连续发生 The Successive Occurrence of Two Actions
汉语中可以用 “V₁了……就V₂……” 表示两个动作连续发生,后边的动作紧接着前边的动作。例如:
Chinese Grammar
In Chinese, “V₁了……就V₂……” can be used to indicate two actions which occur successively, with the second immediately following the first. For example:
我下了课就吃饭。
妈妈起了床就做早饭。
小刚拿了伞就下来。
你每天晚上吃了饭就睡觉。
如果句子中有两个主语,那么第二个主语要放在“就”前边。例如:
In a sentence with two subjects, the second subject should be put right before “就”.
“能……吗” is used in a rhetorical question in Chinese, with its positive form meaning the negative and the negative form meaning the positive. For example: