The verb “起来” can be used after another verb as a complement of direction, indicating an upward movement, or extendedly, indicating the beginning and continuation of an action or the speaker’s comment on a certain aspect of somebody or something. For example:
The structure “V + 起” introduces the thing that an action involves. The verb usually one of the few transitive verbs “说”(to speak),“谈”(to talk),“讲”(to speak),“问”(ask),“提”(to mention),“聊”(to chat), and “回忆”(to recall), etc. The structure is usually followed by a noun. For example:
（1）说起吃的东西，给我印象最深的是湖南菜。
（2）聊起那场网球比赛，他们俩就兴奋得停不下来了。
（3）要是有人问起那件事，你就告诉他你还没接到通知，也不清楚怎么回事。
● 练一练 Practice
完成句子 Complete the sentences.
（1）________，大家总是有说不完的话。（V+起）
（2）看着这些可爱的孩子，________。（V+起）
（3）尽管已经过去十多年了，________。（V+起）
根据课文内容回答问题 Answer the questions based on the texts.
课文4：❶ 要是你三四月份从北方坐火车到南方旅行，路上的风景会有哪些变化？为什么？
❷ 一个北方人跟上海人对话时，可能会遇到什么问题？
课文5：❸ 对 “我” 来说，旅行有哪些好处？
❹ 旅行中什么东西给 “我” 的印象最深？它有哪些特点？
练习 Exercises
1 复述 Retell the dialogues.
课文1：王静的语气：
你别担心，航班本来是十点，……
课文2：丈夫的语气：
你看咱们的女儿多辛苦啊，平时有那么多课，……
课文3：安娜的语气：
这是我这次去丽江旅行时的照片，……
2 选择合适的词语填空 Choose the proper words to fill in the blanks.
Travelling not only enriches our knowledge and experience, but is also a good way to relax. Some trips may give you a good memory, and some others make you regret you’ve had them. Which is your most memorable trip? Tell your group members about it. (Use at least four of the following structures.)
China is a multi-ethnic country with 56 ethnic groups, among which the Han Chinese, as the biggest ethnic group, accounts for above 90% of the total population. The other 55 ethnic groups, including the Mongolians, the Tibetans and the Huis, are called ethnic minorities because of their relatively small populations. Each ethnic group has its own distinctive culture and history. They wear their unique ethnic costumes and exquisite ethnic adornments, perform beautiful ethnic dances, eat savory ethnic foods, speak their own languages and celebrate various ethnic festivals. China has 56 ethnic groups, but the languages spoken there are more than 56. Statistics show that there are over 80 languages currently used in China. Among them the top 4 most frequently used languages and characters of the ethnic minorities are respectively the Zhuang language, the Uygur language, the Mongolian and the Tibetan language, which can be seen on Renminbi banknotes. Can you guess which ethnic minorities are the four languages on the following banknote used by respectively? Identify them one by one.
The two verbs in the structure “V+着+V+着” are the same, usually a monosyllabic one. The structure is often followed by another verb, indicating another action occurs when the one mentioned is going on. For example:
（1）好，那我就放心了，别开着开着没油了。
（2）她讲着讲着自己就先笑了，而大家却不明白她到底为什么笑。
（3）晚上躺在草地上看星星的感觉非常棒，有时候躺着躺着就安静地睡着了。
练一练 Practice
完成句子 Complete the sentences.
（1）小时候的记忆总是那么美好，________。（V+着+V+着）
（2）那天的羊肉饺子太好吃了，________。（V+着+V+着）
（3）这篇小说写得太无聊了，________。（V+着+V+着）
2 一……就……
“一……就……”结构可表示两件事情紧接着发生。两件事情的主语可以相同，也可不同。例如：
The structure “一……就……” (…as soon as…) can indicate two events happening one immediately after the other. The two events may or may not share the same subject. For example:
“一……就……” can also mean “if… then…”, in which “一” is followed by a situation that indicates a condition, and “就” is followed by a situation that would occur under the condition. The two situations may or may not share the same subject. For example:
The adverb “究竟” is used in an interrogative sentence or a sentence with an interrogative word to indicate inquiry and strengthen the interrogative mood. It is often used in written Chinese. If the subject of the sentence is an interrogative pronoun, “究竟” can only be put before it. For example:
Similarity: Both can be used as adverbs in interrogative sentences or sentences with an interrogative word to indicate inquiry and strengthen the interrogative mood. Both can only be put before the subject if the subject is an interrogative pronoun.
无论做什么事情，只有试过才知道究竟/到底能不能成功。
人的一生中，究竟什么是最重要的？
不同点：“到底”可做动词，表示“一直到结束、到终点”的意思；“究竟”无此用法。
Differences: “到底” can be used as a verb, meaning “till the end”, while “究竟” has no such usage.
你耐心点儿！这个电影得看到底，才能知道那件事情的原因。
我们已经做了这么多努力了，一定要把这个计划坚持到底，现在放弃太可惜了。
做一做 Drills
选词填空 Tick or cross
究竟
到底
（1）这场比赛太精彩了，你猜谁能先进球？
√
√
（2）她决心一定要将减肥进行____。
×
√
（3）这个题我做了三遍，可每次算出来的答案都不一样，真奇怪，____是哪儿出问题了？
（4）无论做什么事情都不会很容易就成功，只有坚持____，才会有希望。
（5）生气多是由误会引起的，因此当你觉得自己要生气的时候，最好先弄清楚____是怎么回事。
根据课文内容回答问题 Answer the questions based on the texts.
The verb “在于” is often used in written Chinese to point out the essence of something, meaning “to be exactly, to lie in”. “在于” usually has a noun phrase as its subject, and it must take a noun, verb or clause as its object. For example:
Kung fu and ping – pong are widely practiced in China. Which sport is the most widely practiced in your country? Tell your group members about it. (Use at least four of the following structures.)
For most Chinese families, northern ones in particular, making and eating jiaozi (Chinese dumplings) is an essential activity to celebrate the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year). Jiaozi is usually made ready before the period of zi (23:00 – 1:00) on the Spring Festival Eve and won’t be eaten until the period of zi, which is the beginning of the first day of the first month in the lunar calendar. As jiao sounds like the character for “intersect” and zi refers to the first two hours of the New Year, jiaozi indicates the meeting of years and symbolizes happiness and reunion. Moreover, jiaozi is shaped like an ingot, and making jiaozi implicates wrapping good luck, so making and eating jiaozi is a way of making wishes when celebrating the New Year. The wrapper of jiaozi is a piece of dough made of flour and the stuffing can be made of a variety of ingredients using different kinds of meat, vegetables or both. Chinese jiaozi is cooked by boiling or steaming, and it is not only delicious, but also nutritious. Before the introduction of jiaozi to the West, Western people had already been familiar with Italian dumplings. Because of its similarity to Italian dumplings, jiaozi was generally translated as “dumpling” with English. As a matter of fact, “dumpling” is a broader concept; it refers to all the stuffed foods of this kind. With the West knowing more about Chinese culture, more Western people are getting used to call this Chinese food jiaozi.
The interrogative pronouns “什么”(what), “谁”(who), “哪”(which), “哪儿”(where) and “怎么”(how), etc. can be used to refer to
anybody or anything. For instance, “什么” refers to anything, and “谁” refers to anybody. They are often used together with
“都/也” in a sentence. For example:
The verb “上” is used after another verb as a complement of direction, indicating the purpose of an action or a behavior has been achieved, or as a complement of possibility, showing whether or not the purpose of an action or a behavior can be achieved. For example:
The verb “出来” can be used after another verb as a complement of direction, indicating a certain action or behavior makes the state of something change from being nonexistent to being existent or from being hidden to being obvious. For example:
Though both of them can be used after verbs as complements of direction or possibility, they mean different things.
“出来”indicates a motion from inside to outside, while “起来”indicates an upward movement.
In respect of their extended use, “出来”can mean a certain action or behavior makes something come into existence
or come into view, while “起来”indicates the beginning and continuation of an action.
The phrase“想出来”means some new information has been produced after thinking, while “想起来”means some
information which was forgotten has now been retrieved.
有几个选择题，实在想不出来该选哪个，只好随便选一个。
我想起来了，那个唱歌的男孩子是高老师的孙子。
●做一做 Drills
选词填空 Tick or cross
出来
起来
（1）久坐办公室的人有时间一定要站____活动活动。
×
√
（2）这个主意好像是三班的一个学生想____的。
√
×
（3）声音听着挺熟悉的，不过我一下子想不____了。
内容展示
出来
起来
（4）遇到烦恼事时，你应该想一些办法让自己从不高兴的心情中走____。
（5）你回去后把今天大家在会上提的意见都整理____。
根据课文内容回答问题 Answer the questions based on the texts.
