My name is BingBing, and I am from Yunnan, China. Master Degree of Teaching Chinese . I have been working in the education industry for eight years, have five years of experience as an overseas Chinese teacher, and have a Chinese Secondary teacher qualification certificate.
1-on-1 LIve lesson, 30-mins, Zoom, $7 , and if you enjoy it, continue learning.
hello， everyone，do you have any questions about learning Chinese？ please tell me，i could provide feedback and guidance as soon as possible, i am a Chinese teacher. i had a certificate for teachers of Chinese to speak of other language a teacher qualification certificate and Mandarin certificate in China i can understand my students well，they said i have a talent in teaching i could teach the different age and different Chinese basics my class is easy and interesting you can learn the Chinese listening，reading，writing and so oni also pay attention to the Chinese culture.
1-on-1 LIve lesson, 30-mins, Zoom, $7
My teaching materials are mainly centered around the Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK), aiming to help students systematically acquire Chinese knowledge and successfully pass all levels of the HSK examinations. These materials not only cover all the vocabulary and grammar points of the HSK test, but also assist students in familiarizing themselves with the test formats and answering techniques through various exercises and mock tests. Moreover, the materials also focus on the cultivation of practical application skills, enabling students to communicate fluently in real-life situations using Chinese. In addition to the HSK textbooks, I also offer courses for learning Chinese in an enjoyable way. These courses aim to help learners master Chinese in a relaxed and pleasant environment. The materials for these courses usually include vivid illustrations and interesting dialogues, allowing learners to learn the language while enjoying the stories. The course content not only covers basic pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar, but also includes Chinese culture, customs, and daily communication scenarios, enabling learners to have a more comprehensive understanding of Chinese and Chinese culture.
Differentiation: pronunciation of the initials zh, ch, sh, r
听录音并跟读，注意声母发音的区别 04-4
Listen to the recording and read after it. Pay attention to the differences between the initials.
| zhīshi | chúshī | shēngrì | shàng chē |
| rènshi | chángshí | shìshí | chāorén |
| ránshāo | rènào | chū chāi | Chángchéng |
| shǒushù | shāngchǎng | chǎoshì | chōng zhí |
Differentiation: pronunciation of the alveolar nasal n and the velar nasal ng
发前鼻音 n [n]时舌尖要抵住上齿龈，而发后鼻音 ng [ŋ]时，舌头的后部要拱起，舌根向后收缩，抵住软腭；发 n [n]时上下齿相对，开口较小，而发 ng [ŋ]时开口度较大。
When saying the alveolar nasal n [n], the tongue tip should press the upper alveolar ridge; when saying the velar nasal ng [ŋ], the back part of the tongue forms an arch and the root of the tongue moves back and presses the soft palate. Compared with n [n], which is pronounced with the upper and lower teeth close to each other, ng [ŋ] is pronounced with the mouth more wide – open.
听录音并跟读，注意前后鼻音韵母发音的区别 04 – 5
Listen to the recording and read after it. Pay attention to the differences between the alveolar and velar nasals.
| an | —— | ang |
| ian | —— | iang |
| uan | —— | uang |
| en | —— | eng |
| in | —— | ing |
| uen | —— | ueng |
“一” 在第一、二、三声音节前变成第四声
When “一” is followed by a syllable in the first, second or third tone, it changes into the fourth tone.
yì zhāng
one sheet/piece
yì tiáo
one (long) piece
yì zhǒng
one type
“一” 在第四声音节前变成第二声
When “一” is followed by a syllable in the fourth, it changes into the second tone.
yídìng
sure, certainly
yí kuài
one piece
“一” 单用或表示数字时不变调
When “一” is used alone or in a number, its tone doesn’t change.
dì yī
first
yī èr sān
one, two, three
xīngqī yī
Monday
shí yī
eleven
bǎifēnzhī yī
one percent
以 i、u、ü 开头的韵母如果前面没有声母，在拼写时需要使用 y 或 w，具体情况如下：
If a final beginning with i, u or ü has no initial before it, y or w is used in the written form. See the following table for details:
| 韵母 Final | 写法 Written Form | |
|---|---|---|
| Beginning with i |
i, in, ing | yi, yin, ying |
| ia, ie, iao, ian, iang, iong | ya, ye, yao, yan, yang, yong | |
| iu | you | |
| Beginning with u |
u | wu |
| ua, uo, uai, uan, uang, ueng | wa, wo, wai, wan, wang, weng | |
| ui, un | wei, wen | |
| Beginning with ü |
ü, üe, üan, ün | yu, yue, yuan, yun |
听录音并跟读，注意 y、w 的用法 🎧 04-7
Listen to the recording and read after it. Pay attention to the use of y and w.
yóu yǒng yǒuyì yīnyuè yuányīn
qīngwā yǐngxíng yīngxióng wēixiǎn
guó wài yīntiān yǔyán wǎngwǎng
wǎnyàn yéye yíngyǎng wǒmen
Strokes of Chinese Characters (4): ㇄, ㇅
| 笔画名称 Stroke | 运笔方向 Direction | 例字 Example Characters |
|---|---|---|
| ㇄ 竖弯钩 shùwāngōu vertical curved hook |
㇄ | 七 qī (seven) 儿 ér (son) |
| ㇅ 横折弯钩 héngzhéwāngōu horizontal-turning curved hook |
㇅ | 九 jiǔ (nine) 几 jǐ (how many) |
“七”，表示数量“7”。
“儿”，本义是小孩。现在多指儿子。
“儿”originally meant “kid”, but now it usually means “son”.
“几”，本义是小矮桌。
“几”originally referred to a small and low table.
“九”，表示数量“9”。
Stroke Order (2): top preceding bottom and left preceding right
| 笔顺 Rule | 例字 Example Characters | 书写顺序 Stroke Order |
|---|---|---|
| 从上到下 Top preceding bottom |
二 èr two 三 sān three |
一 二 一 二 三 |
| 从左到右 Left preceding right |
几 jǐ how many 八 bā eight |
丿 几 丿 八 |
两人一组，根据图片内容进行问答练习。
Work in pairs and ask and answer questions based on the pictures.
Tā/Tā shì shéi?
Tā/Tā shì……
例如：A: 他/她 是 谁?
B: 他/她 是……
Tā/Tā shì nǎ guó rén?
Tā/Tā shì……
例如：A: 他/她 是 哪 国 人?
B: 他/她 是……
3 – 4人一组，每人准备一张自己和同学或者朋友的合影，向同组成员介绍照片上的人物。
Work in groups of 3 – 4. Prepare a photo of you and your classmates or friends and introduce the people in the photo to your group members.
Tā/Tā shì wǒ tóngxué/péngyou, tā/tā jiào……, tā/tā shì……
例如：他/她 是 我 同学/ 朋友，他/她 叫……，他/她 是……
A：她(tā)是谁(shéi)？
B：她(tā)是我的(de)汉语(Hànyǔ)老师(lǎoshī)，她(tā)叫(jiào)李(Lǐ)月(Yuè)。
A: Who is she?
B: She is my Chinese teacher. Her name is Li Yue.
| New Words | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1. 她 tā | pron. | she, her |
| 2. 谁 shéi | pron. | who, whom |
| 3. 的 de | part. | used after an attribute |
| 4. 汉语 Hànyǔ | Chinese (language) |
Nǐ shì nǎ guó rén?
A: 你是哪国人?
Wǒ shì Měiguó rén. Nǐ ne?
B: 我 是 美国 人。你呢?
Wǒ shì Zhōngguó rén.
A: 我 是 中国 人。
A: Which country are you from?
B: The United States. What about you?
A: I’m Chinese.
5. 哪 nǎ pron. which
6. 国 guó n. country, nation
7. 呢 ne part. used at the end of a question
Tā shì shéi?
A: 他是谁?
Tā shì wǒ tóngxué.
B: 他是我 同学。
Tā ne? Tā shì nǐ tóngxué ma?
A: 她呢？她是你 同学 吗?
Tā bú shì wǒ tóngxué, tā shì wǒ péngyou.
B: 她不是我 同学，她是我 朋友。
A: Who is he?
B: He is my classmate.
A: What about her? Is she your classmate?
B: No, she isn’t. She is my friend.
8. 他 tā pron. he, him
9. 同学 tóngxué n. classmate
10. 朋友 péngyou n. friend
疑问代词 “谁” 在疑问句中用来询问人。例如：
The interrogative pronoun “谁” is used to ask about the name or identity of a person. For example:
| Subject | Verb | Object |
|---|---|---|
| 谁 | 是 | 李月？ |
| 她 | 是 | 谁？ |
| 他 | 是 | 谁？ |
疑问代词 “哪” 用在疑问句中的结构形式为：哪+量词/名词+名词。例如：
When the interrogative pronoun “哪” is used in a question, the structure is “哪 + measure word/noun + noun”. For example:
[名词/代词+的+名词] 表达一种所属关系。当 “的” 后的名词是亲属称谓或者指人的名词时，“的” 可以省略。例如：
The structure “noun/pronoun + 的 + noun” indicates possession. When the noun following “的” is a kinship or indicates a person, “的” can be omitted. For example:
疑问助词 “呢” 用在名词或代词后构成疑问句，用于询问上文提到的情况。常用的句式是：A……。B呢？例如：
The interrogative particle “呢” is used after a noun or pronoun, forming a question about the situation mentioned previously. The commonly used sentence pattern is “A……。B呢？” (A… What about B?). For example:
给下面的词语选择对应的图片 Match the pictures with the words/phrases.
Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi?
A: 你叫什么名字？
Wǒ jiào Lǐ Yuè.
B: 我叫李月。
English Version
A: What’s your name?
B: My name is Lǐ Yuè.
A: 你是老师吗?
B: 我不是老师,我是学生。
A: Are you a teacher?
B: No, I’m not. I’m a student.
A: 你是中国人吗?
B: 我不是中国人,我是美国人。
A: Are you Chinese?
B: No, I’m not. I’m American.
疑问代词“什么”表示疑问，用在疑问句中可直接做宾语，或者与后接名词性成分一起做宾语。例如：
The interrogative pronoun “什么” is used in interrogative sentences, serving as the object by itself or together with a nominal element following it. For example:
“是”字句是由“是”构成的判断句，用于表达人或事物等于什么或者属于什么。其否定形式是在“是”前加上否定副词“不”。例如：
A “是” sentence is a determinative sentence with “是”, indicating what somebody or something equals or belongs to. The negative sentence is formed by adding the negative adverb “不” before “是”. For example:
| Subject | Predicate | |
|---|---|---|
| (不) 是 | Noun/Noun Phrase | |
| 李月 | 是 | 老师。 |
| 我 | 是 | 美国人。 |
| 我 | 不是 | 老师。 |
疑问助词“吗”表示疑问语气，用在陈述句句尾构成疑问句。例如：
The particle “吗” indicates an interrogative mood. When “吗” is added at the end of a declarative sentence, the declarative sentence turns into a question. For example:
| Subject | Verb | Noun/Noun Phrase | 吗? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 你 | 是 | 美国人 | 吗? |
| 你 | 是 | 中国人 | 吗? |
| 你 | 是 | 老师 | 吗? |
他叫 乔丹 (Michael Jordan)，他是人。
他叫 姚明 (Yao Ming)，他是人。
我不是，我是学生，
我是人。
我是，我不是学生，我是人。
j、q、x是舌面音，发j、q时舌面要与硬腭接触，j没有强烈的气流呼出，而q有强烈的气流呼出。发x时，舌面接近硬腭，但不要接触，始终保持一条缝隙。
j, q and x are known as coronals. The surface of the tongue touches the hard palate when pronouncing j and q. While q brings out a strong airflow, j doesn’t. When x is pronounced, the surface of the tongue approaches the hard palate without reaching it, leaving a gap in between.
j
q
x
z
c
s
i
u
ü
| 笔画名称 Stroke | 运笔方向 Direction | 例字 Example Characters |
|---|---|---|
| ㇆ 横折钩 héngzhégōu horizontal-turning-hook |
 |
门 mén door 月 yuè moon |
| ㇃ 卧钩 wògōu lying hook |
 |
心 xīn heart 您 nín (polite) you |
“月”，表示月亮。
“月”refers to the moon.
“心”，表示心脏。
“心”refers to the heart.
“中”，本义是飘扬的旗子，现在表示方位，意思是“中间”。
The basic meaning of “中” is “flying flag”. It is now a word of locality, meaning “middle”.
“人”，表示直立的人。
“人”originally looked like a person standing straight.
Stroke Order (1): horizontal preceding vertical and left – falling preceding right – falling
| 笔顺 Rule | 例字 Example Characters | 书写顺序 Stroke Order |
|---|---|---|
| 先横后竖 Horizontal preceding vertical |
十 shí ten 工 gōng work, labor |
一十 一 ㄱ 工 |
| 先撇后捺 Left – falling preceding right – falling |
八 bā eight 人 rén human |
丿 八 丿 人 |
两人一组，进行自我介绍。
Work in pairs and introduce yourselves.
例如: Wǒ jiào Lǐ Yuè, wǒ shì Zhōngguó rén, wǒ shì lǎoshī.
例: 我 叫 李 月，我 是 中 国 人，我 是 老师。
Wǒ jiào Dàwèi, wǒ shì Měiguó rén, wǒ shì xuésheng.
B: 我 叫 大卫 (David)，我 是 美 国 人，我 是 学生。
3 – 4人一组，用汉语互相询问名字和国籍，每组请一位同学报告情况。
Work in groups of 3 – 4 and ask each other’s names and nationalities. Each group chooses one member to make a report.
| 姓名 Name | 国籍 Nationality | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 李月 Lǐ Yuè | 中国 Zhōngguó |
Hello everyone, I’m Lai Mengjun. I come from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. I had a period of experience in providing primary school Chinese language tutoring.I hope to become an excellent teacher.
1-on-1 LIve lesson, 30-mins, Zoom, $7 , and if you enjoy it, continue learning.
My name is Jaclyn，an English major form Wuzhou university.Although I just graduated from school,I have two years of English teaching experience. Last year, I had a three-month internship in a junior high school in the local city. At present, I lead two second grade middle school students and two forth grade students in primary school to learn English.Whether you want to study in China or for business, I can help you.
1-on-1 LIve lesson, 30-mins, Zoom, $7 , and if you enjoy it, continue learning.
课文 Text
拼音 Pinyin
shān
zhōng
yáng
cài
shǒu
xióng
yún
xīng
yuán
rén
chuán
chuáng
chī
rè
bīngxiāng
jīdàn
sījī
zúqiú
jīchǎng
pá shān
shǒubiǎo
xióngmāo
汉语中除了四声以外，还有一个读得又短又轻的声调，叫作“轻声”。
Apart from the four tones mentioned previously, there is another tone in Chinese, which is short and light, known as “the neutral tone”. For example:
妈妈
爷爷
奶奶
爸爸
Read the syllables aloud and pay attention to the neutral tone.
zhuōzi fángzi yǐzi guìzi
tāmen rénmen wǒmen dìdi
yīfu érzi xǐhuan rènshi
xiānsheng péngyou wǎnshang piàoliang
iou、uei、uen 前面加声母的时候，写成：iu、ui、un。例如 niu、gui、lun。
When iou, uei or uen follows an initial, they are written as iu, ui and un respectively,
for example, niu, gui, lun.
朗读下列音节，注意韵母省写的部分
Read the syllables aloud and pay attention to the abbreviated finals.
| xiūxi | shuì jiào | lúnchuán | niúnǎi |
| píjiǔ | ànguǐ | liúyán | kǎi huì |
| tàolùn | zuǐqǔ | Lúndūn | shīrùn |
| cānkǔi | shuǐguǒ | táozuǐ | shùnlǐ |
| 打开书。 | Dǎkāi shū. | Open your book. |
| 请大声读。 | Qǐng dà shēng dú. | Read aloud. |
| 再读一遍。 | Zài dú yí biàn. | Read once again. / Repeat. |
| 一起读。 | Yìqǐ dú. | Read together. |
| 有问题吗？ | Yǒu wèntí ma? | Any questions? |
| 笔画名称 Stroke | 运笔方向 Direction | 例字 Example Characters |
|---|---|---|
|
𠃍
横折 héngzhé
horizontal-turning
|
𠃍 |
口
mouth
日
sun
|
|
ㄥ
竖折 shùzhé
vertical-turning
|
ㄥ |
山
mountain
出
to come/go out
|
|
亅
竖钩 shùgōu
vertical hook
|
亅 |
丁
man, member of a family
小
small, little
|
(1) “口”，本义是嘴巴，字形像人张开的嘴巴。
The basic meaning of “口” is “mouth”, and the character is shaped like a mouth.
(2) “见”，字形上边是“目”，下边是“人”，意思是“睁着眼睛看”。
Its traditional form of “见” has a “目 (eye)” on the top and a “人 (person)” at the bottom, meaning “watching with eyes open”.
(3) “山”，字形像起伏的山峰，意思是“山峰”。
“山” means “mountain” and was originally shaped like rolling mountains.
(4) “小”，字形像细微的沙，现在意思与“大”相对。
“小” was originally shaped like tiny grains of sand. Now it means “small”, opposite to “大 (big)”
(5) “不”，原来表示一种工具，现在虚化为副词，表示否定。
“不” originally referred to a tool. Now it’s a negative adverb.
Part 1 课文
New Words
1. 你 nǐ pron. (singular) you
2. 好 hǎo adj. good, fine
Nǐ hǎo!
A:你好!
Nǐ hǎo!
B:你好!
English Version
A: Hello!
B: Hello!
New Words
3. 您 nín pron. (polite) you
4. 你们 nǐmen pron. (plural) you
Nǐn hǎo!
A:您 好!
Nǐmen hǎo!
B:你们 好!
English Version
A: Hello!
B: Hello!
New Words
5.对不起 duìbuqǐ v. to be sorry
6.没关系 méi guānxi that’s OK,
it doesn’t matter
duì bù qǐ
A:对不起!
Méi guānxi!
B:没 关系
English Version
A: I’m sorry!
B: That’s OK!
Part 2 拼音 Pinyin
| 声母 Initials (1) | 韵母 Finals (1) |
|---|---|
| b p m f | i u ü er |
| d t n l | ia ie ua |
| g k h | e i ü |
| j q x | ai uai |
| ei uei (ui) | |
| ao iao |
汉语的基本声调有四个，分别是第一声（55）、第二声（35）、第三声（214）和第四声（51）。汉语的声调有区别意义的作用。
There are four basic tones in Chinese, respectively called the 1st tone (55), the 2nd tone (35), the 3rd tone (214) and the 4th tone (51). They make difference in meaning.
| ā | á | ǎ | à |
| ō | ó | ǒ | ò |
| ē | é | ě | è |
| ī | í | ǐ | ì |
| ū | ú | ǔ | ù |
| ǖ | ǘ | ǚ | ǜ |
汉语的音节一般由声母、韵母、声调三部分组成。一般来说，一个汉字对应一个音节。汉语的一个音节可以没有声母，但是一定要有韵母和声调。
A Chinese syllable is usually made up of an initial, a final and a tone. Generally speaking, one Chinese character corresponds to one syllable. A Chinese syllable can have no initial, but must have a final and a tone.
| 汉语的音节 Syllable | 声母 Initial | 韵母 Final | 声调 Tone |
|---|---|---|---|
| māo（猫, cat） | m | ao | ˉ |
| yú （鱼, fish） | ü | ˊ | |
| jiě （姐, elder sister） | j | ie | ˇ |
| èr （二, two） | er | ˋ |
• 注意: i和ü自成音节时，韵母前增加y，ü上的两点去掉；u自成音节时，韵母前增加w。
Note: When i or ü acts as a syllable by itself, y is added before it, with the two dots on the top of ü being removed; when u acts as a syllable by itself, w is added before it.
Look at the pictures and read the monosyllabic words aloud.
看图，朗读下列双音节词语 🎬 01-7
Look at the pictures and read the disyllabic words aloud.
| 原调 | 连读 | 变调后 |
|---|---|---|
| nǐ (你) | hǎo (好) | ní hǎo |
| kě (可) | yǐ (以) | ké yǐ |
| fǔ (辅) | dǎo (导) | fú dǎo |
朗读下列词语，注意第三声音节的读音 🎨 01-8
Read the following words aloud and pay attention to the change in the tone of the 3rd – tone syllables.
| nǐ hǎo | kěyǐ | fǔdǎo | xiǎojiě |
| kǒuyǔ | yǔfǎ | Fǎyǔ | tǎo hǎo |
| liǎojiě | yǒuhǎo | yǒuǎn | shǒubǎo |
| 上课! | Shàng kè! | Class begins! |
| 下课! | Xià kè! | Class is over! |
| 现在休息! | Xiànzài xiūxi! | Take a break now! |
| 看黑板! | Kàn hēibǎn! | Look at the blackboard! |
| 跟我读! | Gēn wǒ dú! | Read after me! |
| 笔画名称 Stroke | 运笔方向 Direction | 例字 Example Characters |
|---|---|---|
| 一 横 héng horizontal |
|
一 yī one 二 èr two |
| 丨 竖 shù vertical |
|
十 shí ten 工 gōng work, labor |
| 丿 撇 piě left – falling |
 |
人 rén human 八 bā eight |
| 丶 点 diǎn dot |
 |
不 bù no, not 六 liù six |
| 乀 捺 nà right – falling |
 |
大 dà big 天 tiān sky |
热身 Warm-up
1 给下面的词语选择对应的图片Match the pictures with the phrases.
①hē niúnǎi 喝牛奶
②qǐ chuáng 起床
③pǎo bù 跑步
④kàn bàozhǐ 看报纸
⑤chī yào 吃药
⑥dǎ lánqiú 打篮球
2 看下面的图片，用汉语说出它们的名字
Look at the pictures and say the names of the following things in Chinese.
Ni zhīdào Xiǎo Wáng jīntiān shénme shíhou lái xuéxiào ma?
A: 你知道小 王今天 什么时候来学校吗?
Tā yǐjīng lái le.
B: 他已经来了。
Ni zěnme zhīdào tā lái le?
A: 你怎么知道他来了?
Wǒ zài mén wài kànjiàn tā de zìxíngchē le.
B: 我在门 外看见他的自行车了。
English Version
A: Do you know when Xiao Wang will come to school today?
B: He is already here.
A: How do you know?
B: I saw his bike outside the door.
New Words
1. 门 mén n. door, gate
2. 外 wài n. outer, outside
*3. 自行车 zìxíngchē n. bike
Jīntiān de yángròu hěn hǎochī, nǐ zěnme bù chī le?
A: 今天 的 羊肉 很 好吃，你怎么不吃了？
Zhège xīngqī tiāntiān dōu chī yángròu, bù xiǎng chī le.
B: 这个星期 天天 都 吃 羊肉，不想 吃了。
Nà nǐ hái xiǎng chī shénme?
A: 那你还想 吃 什么？
Lái yīdiǎnr miàntiáo ba.
B: 来一点儿面条 吧。
English Version
A: The mutton today is excellent. Why don’t you eat more?
B: I eat mutton every day this week. I don’t want to eat it any more.
A: What would you like then?
B: Some noodles please.
New Words
4. 羊肉 yángròu n. mutton
5. 好吃 hǎochī adj. delicious, yummy
6. 面条 miàntiáo n. noodles
Zuótiān nǐmen zěnme dōu méi qù dǎ lánqiú?
A: 昨天 你们 怎么 都 没去 打篮球?
Yīnwèi zuótiān xiàyǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen dōu méi qù.
B: 因为 昨天 下雨，所以 我们 都 没去。
Wǒ qù yóu yǒng le.
我去 游泳 了。
Nǐ jīngcháng yóu yǒng ma?
A: 你 经常 游泳 吗?
Zhège yuè wǒ tiāntiān yóu yǒng, wǒ xiànzài qīshí gōngjīn le.
B: 这个 月 我 天天 游泳，我 现在 七十 公斤 了。
A: Why didn’t you guys go to play basketball yesterday?
B: Because it rained yesterday. I went swimming.
A: Do you often swim?
B: I swim every day this month. I weigh 70 kilograms now.
7. 打篮球 dǎ lánqiú to play basketball
8. 因为 yīnwèi conj. because, since
9. 所以 suǒyǐ conj. so, therefore
10. 游泳 yóu yǒng v. to swim
*11. 经常 jīngcháng adv. often, frequently
*12. 公斤 gōngjīn m. kilogram
Zhè liǎng tiān zěnme méi kànjiàn Xiǎo Zhāng?
A: 这 两 天 怎么 没 看见 小 张?
Tā qù Běijīng le.
B: 他 去 北京 了。
Qù Běijīng le? Shì qù lǚyóu ma?
A: 去 北京 了? 是 去 旅游 吗?
Bú shì, tīngshuō shì qù kàn tā jiějie.
B: 不是，听说 是 去 看 他 姐姐。
A: I haven’t seen Xiao Zhang for days. What’s going on?
B: He has gone to Beijing.
A: Gone to Beijing? For traveling?
B: No. Visiting his elder sister, as far as I’ve heard.
13. 姐姐 jiějie n. elder sister
用 “怎么 + 动词/形容词” 询问事情的原因，多表示奇怪、惊讶的语气。
例如：
The structure “怎么 + verb/adjective” is used to ask about the reason for something, indicating surprise or astonishment. For example:
| Subject | Predicate | |
|---|---|---|
| 你 | 怎么 | 不高兴？ |
| 今天 | 怎么 | 这么热？ |
| 昨天你们 | 怎么 | 都没去打篮球？ |
量词重叠后表示 “每一” 的意思，常用来强调在某个范围内的每个成员都具有某种特征，后面一般用 “都” 。例如：
When a measure word is reduplicated, it means “every/each”, emphasizing that a specific feature is shared by every member in a certain group, usually followed by “都”. For example:
| Subject | AA | 都…… |
|---|---|---|
| 同学们 | 个个 | 都很高兴。 |
| 这个商店的衣服 | 件件 | 都很漂亮。 |
| 这个星期（我） | 天天 | 都吃羊肉。 |
连接两个表示因果关系的分句，前一分句表示原因，后一分句表示结果。使用时可以成对出现，也可以省略其中一个。例如：
The two conjunctions are used to connect two clauses in a causative relation, the first clause being the cause and the second being the effect. One can use both or either of them in a sentence. For example:
| 因为…… | 所以…… |
|---|---|
| 因为她生病了， | 所以没去学校。 |
| 因为他每天跑步， | 所以身体很好。 |
| 因为昨天下雨， | 所以我们都没去（打篮球）。 |